Drainage density changes during rainfall     

D. G. Day 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1978,3(3):319-326

Observations of stream behaviour during rainfall indicate that previous notions of a simple expanding and contracting network need review and refinement. In a small rural catchment near Armidale, N.S.W. changes in flowing stream length during rainfall have been depicted on flow length graphs which indicate a varied network response to similar rainfall amounts. Channel flow phenomena include discontinuous flow, the generation of flow points within the channel and movement of water downslope from saturated depression sources. Localized physical controls have a significant effect on stream growth which is a sensitive indicator of the catchment response to rainfall. During rapid changes in stream length total flowing length and discharge are highly correlated. A model of the pattern of network expansion and contraction involves several phases of flow contraction.  相似文献   

Conditional Simulation of Random Fields with Bivariate Gamma Isofactorial Distributions   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Xavier Emery 《Mathematical Geology》2005,37(4):419-445

This work focuses on a random function model with gamma marginal and bivariate isofactorial distributions, which has been applied in mining geostatistics for estimating recoverable reserves by disjunctive kriging. The objective is to widen its use to conditional simulation and further its application to the modeling of continuous attributes in geosciences. First, the main properties of the bivariate gamma isofactorial distributions are analyzed, with emphasis in the destructuring of the extreme values, the presence of a proportional effect (higher variability in high-valued areas), and the asymmetry in the spatial correlation of the indicator variables with respect to the median threshold. Then, we provide examples of stationary random functions with such bivariate distributions, for which the shape parameter of the marginal distribution is half an integer. These are defined as the sum of squared independent Gaussian random fields. An iterative algorithm based on the Gibbs sampler is proposed to perform the simulation conditional to a set of existing data. Such ‘multivariate chi-square’ model generalizes the well-known multigaussian model and is more flexible, since it allows defining a shape parameter which controls the asymmetry of the marginal and bivariate distributions.  相似文献   

Determining the maximum degree of harmonic coefficients in geopotential models by Monte Carlo methods   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. R. Koch r 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2005,49(3):259-275

Random errors for the harmonic coefficients of a geopotential model are generated from the matrix of normal equations by a parallel computer applying the Gibbs sampler. This leads to random values for the harmonic coefficients. They are transformed by nonlinear, quadratic transformations to random values for the square roots of degree variances, of mean squares of geoid undulations and gravity anomalies. The expected values of these quantities are not equal to the values of these quantities computed by the estimated harmonic coefficients, due to correlations and errors in the estimation. By hypothesis tests estimated harmonic coefficients distorted by correlations and errors are detected. Applying the tests to the geopotential model ITG-CHAMP01 of the Institute of Theoretical Geodesy in Bonn it is concluded that above the degree 62 the harmonic coefficients cannot add any information to the geopotential model.  相似文献   

基于启发式图搜索的遥感影像道路半自动提取   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

李燕  余旭初 《测绘学院学报》2002,19(4):268-271

启发式图搜索法用于线状目标识别的原理是：用图结构表示边缘点和边缘段，根据启发函数计算顶点权值，在图的路径上建立相应的代价函数，通过在图中搜索对应的最小代价的通道以找到最优路径。图搜索法是一种全局最优方法，它在受噪声影响较大时效果仍然较好。文中使用了启发式图搜索法（A*算法）实现了道路的半自动跟踪。它的基本思路是：首先利用自适应平滑滤波算子进行道路信息增强，然后对传统的道路数学模型进行了进一步的扩展，突出了对道路几何特性和辐射特性的描述，并依此构建图搜索的代价函数，实现了基于启发式图搜索法A*算法的道路半自动跟踪。经实验证明，该方法进行遥感影像的道路半自动提取效果较好。  相似文献   

确定沉积岩成岩作用顺序的定量方法     

罗明高 《沉积学报》1995,13(1):88-93

本文从热力学基本定律出发，将复杂的成岩作用过程归结为各种不同的化学反应，从而建立了一套利用反应自由能定量确定成岩作用顺序的方法。该方法将沉积岩成岩作用历史研究从定性引向定量，使其更具理论依据，结果更可靠。利用本方法对国内外两个不同碎屑岩定量研究结果表明，这种方法获得的结果与传统方法的顺序完全一致，从而说明了该方法的良好实用性。  相似文献   

改进磁变仪布局的研究     

朱兆才  董秀云 《华北地震科学》1995,13(4):62-69

本文讨论了各分量磁变仪磁针之间的相互影响以及地磁场各分量的变化、记录光入射角对记录的影响，并由此认为一套磁变仪的布局应满意三项标准：（１）各分量仪磁针间的相互静磁影响要小，且任一磁针受其它磁针工作的影响要低于该分量仪记录的分辨率；（２）各分量仪的状态函数稳定，即保持定向能力强；（３）可产生较高精度的线性记录磁照图。鉴于目前的磁变仪布局与此三标准有明显差距，故本文提出了一种新的布局方案，可满足此三项  相似文献   

Stochastic perturbation analysis of groundwater flow. Spatially variable soils,semi-infinite domains and large fluctuations     

G. Christakos  C. T. Miller  D. Oliver 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1993,7(3):213-239

As is well known, a complete stochastic solution of the stochastic differential equation governing saturated groundwater flow leads to an infinite hierarchy of equations in terms of higher-order moments. Perturbation techniques are commonly used to close this hierarchy, using power-series expansions. These methods are applied by truncating the series after a finite number of terms, and products of random gradients of conductivity and head potential are neglected. Uncertainty regarding the number or terms required to yield a sufficiently accurate result is a significant drawback with the application of power series-based perturbation methods for such problems. Low-order series truncation may be incapable of representing fundamental characteristics of flow and can lead to physically unreasonable and inaccurate solutions of the stochastic flow equation. To support this argument, one-dimensional, steady-state, saturated groundwater flow is examined, for the case of a spatially distributed hydraulic conductivity field. An ordinary power-series perturbation method is used to approximate the mean head, using second-order statistics to characterize the conductivity field. Then an interactive perturbation approach is introduced, which yields improved results compared to low-order, power-series perturbation methods for situations where strong interactions exist between terms in such approximations. The interactive perturbation concept is further developed using Feynman-type diagrams and graph theory, which reduce the original stochastic flow problem to a closed set of equations for the mean and the covariance functions. Both theoretical and practical advantages of diagrammatic solutions are discussed; these include the study of bounded domains and large fluctuations.  相似文献   

冀西北两类石榴基性麻粒岩的变质演化及Gibbs方法分析   总被引：19，自引：9，他引：19  

刘树文  沈其韩 《岩石学报》1996,12(2):261-275

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云南省卫星监测火点三级定位系统   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵红旭 《气象》1997,23(7):10-12

云南省卫星监测火点三级定位系统，是根据云南护林防火需求，按照地理信息系统设计思想，研制出的一套将火情快速定位到地、县、乡的计算机定位系统，实践表明，该系统可以充分发挥卫星监测林火的快速优势，特别适合山区护林防火的需求。  相似文献   

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL OF A WATERSHED     

LI Huaien 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(1)

ChinaisoneOfthecountrieswhichsufferfromthemostserioussoilerosionintheworld,andthehillyandgullyareasof~PlateauinthemiddlereachesOftheYellowRiverarethemostseriouserosionareainChina.Inthisarea,themainerosivefactorsarerainfallandrunoff.Sometimes,thesedimentyieldinasinglefloodeventcanbe40%oftheannualsedimentload.Therefore,itisveryimPOrtanttostudytheyieldandgraphOfSedimentOfsinglefindevent.Forthispn~,thispaperiswritten.AInongsedimentmodelsforsinglefloodevent,moreandmoreattentionwaspaidtOunitse…  相似文献